Articles Posted in Start-Ups & Financing

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AdobeStock_414456803-300x118Both employees and employers need to understand how stock options work. Employers who issue stock options without understanding them can lose significant value or control of their businesses. Employees who do not understand their stock options could miss out on a significant part of the compensation they are owed for their employment. The experienced California stock option lawyers at Structure Law Group help employers and employees understand their legal rights and obligations regarding stock options.

A Timeline Of the Stock Option Life Cycle

Like other financial assets, stock options have a life cycle. Understanding this life cycle can help you understand the true value of the asset. There are three general phases in the life cycle of stock options:

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AdobeStock_239826817-300x200The Board of Directors is a critical factor in the success – or failure – of any new startup company. Entrepreneurs must therefore be strategic about if and when they give Board seats to investors. Entrepreneurs must also be cautious of the total number of seats that are given away. Board seats represent voting power, and if investors create a voting block, they could change the entire direction of the company. They could even vote the founders out entirely.

The Difference Between the Board Of Directors and an Advisory Board

The key difference between a board of directors and an advisory board is the authority to make binding decisions on behalf of the company. An advisory board provides strategic – but non-binding – advice about the management of a company. The Board of Directors has the authority to make binding decisions of a company. Some investors may be satisfied to receive a seat on an advisory board and simply consult about the direction of the company. Others may require a seat on the Board in order to retain the authority to make binding decisions. This is especially common in when financing from venture capitals. Because venture capitals usually involve a larger investment than angel or seed money, finance professionals want to protect their investment by staying directly resolved in the management of the startups.

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AdobeStock_238077911-300x200A private placement memorandum (PPM) is used to offer security in a private company to specific groups of qualified investors. It is used as a marketing tool to provide information and generate interest, but it also serves to meet the requirements of SEC regulations. It is therefore important to be sure that your company’s PPM is reviewed by an experienced investment attorney. An incomplete or vague PPM can expose your business to liability or SEC fines. While investment bankers usually prepare these memos, they may not be qualified to provide legal advice. A small investment of attorney’s fees now could save your business significant fines, penalties, and legal fees later on.

United States Investors Versus Overseas Investors

Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933 allows private securities offerings to be made to foreign investors. These offers can, however, bring up other complicated legal issues. For example: if the offer is made directly to foreign investors in another country, the offeror could be subject to that country’s securities laws and regulations.

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AdobeStock_224157473-300x200Convertible notes are a popular method used by startup companies to raise capital for a new business. There are, however, different types of convertible notes, and it is important for new business owners to understand the pros and cons of each. It is also critical that business owners understand the long-term consequences of convertible notes on their future business operations and financing.

Maturity Date

SAFE (a Simple Agreement for Future Equity) is a convertible note in which an investor converts his or her investment into equity in the company. With a SAFE agreement, the investment converts to equity at any future equity financing. There is no maturity date. Thus, the investor could convert the debt to equity the very next day if an applicable equity financing is completed. KISS is a different type of convertible equity that may or may not have a maturity date.

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AdobeStock_377846636-300x225Shareholders have important legal rights under California law. These rights protect a shareholder’s ability to make informed financial decisions about their ownership rights in a company. If you do not understand these legal rights, a company can try to get around them and benefit itself at the expense of its own shareholders. The experienced shareholders’ rights attorneys at Structure Law Group can help you protect your legal rights in order to shield your financial interests. Learn more about your shareholder rights – and the limitations placed on these rights.

Statutes

The California Corporations Code provides shareholders with the specific legal right to inspect corporate documents. The statute allows for the inspection of the accounting books, records, and minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and the board and committees of the board (or a true and accurate copy if the original has been lost, destroyed, or is not normally physically located within the State of California). This inspection can be made with a written demand on the corporation by any shareholder (or holder of a voting trust certificate) at any reasonable time during usual business hours. The statute requires that the demand be made for a purpose reasonably related to the holder’s interests as a shareholder.

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AdobeStock_83043455-300x200It is never easy to break into the competitive world of technology. Now, in the midst of a once-in-a-lifetime global pandemic, new businesses face more challenges than ever. The good news is that there are still funding programs available to small business owners and startup companies in California.

What is CalCAP?

The California Capital Access Program (CalCAP) is a program designed to offer financial assistance to small business owners in California. CalCAP assists banks and other financial institutions in making loans and funding more available to small businesses. CalCAP is a reserve that acts to underwrite losses that financial institutions sustain on small business loans. This allows them to make more loans available to small business owners.  Loans are available for startup capital, expansion funds, and even for working capital to keep your business afloat during production shutdowns and loss of business due to COVID-19.

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AdobeStock_92258605-300x181Here in Los Angeles, there are myriad opportunities for creative entrepreneurs – but it is important to protect your and your business’s legal rights before you begin operations. Doing so will allow you to get through the difficult initial startup stages of a business free from legal disputes over equity, management rights, and other legal issues.

Structuring Your Company

One of the first issues you must resolve is what type of business entity you should form. Corporations (including C Corporations and S Corporations), limited liability companies (LLC), general partnerships, limited partnerships, and sole proprietorships each have unique advantages and disadvantages. There are different tax implications and legal protections associated with each type of entity. For example, if you choose to form an LLC, you may enjoy both limited liability protection and pass-through taxation benefit (meaning no tax will be imposed on the LLC level, and all profits or losses will pass through to the members of the LLC on their individual tax returns). However, if you have capital raising needs in the near future, LLC may not be a good choice because many investors may not accept LLCs for many reasons. This is why it is important to consult with a Los Angeles business attorney about the specific needs of your particular business. An attorney can help you select the business entity type that best meets your business goals.

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AdobeStock_258960515-300x200In recent years, it has become more and more common for technology and other startups to attract and compensate their employees through grants of stock and stock options.  In Silicon Valley, stock options have become an expected element of compensation.  For startups competing with more established companies for talent, stock and stock option grants have become an effectively mandatory element of compensation.

The ubiquity of stock options masks their underlying legal complexity.  Employers need to ensure that their equity compensation programs comply with applicable law, including federal and state securities laws, or risk substantial fines and other penalties.  For example, Credit Karma was fined $160,000 by the SEC for failure to comply with the federal securities laws.

Federal and State Securities Laws

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AdobeStock_274449599-300x199Launching a startup is an exciting time for entrepreneurs. There are many people involved in many processes that could make or break your business. During this time, your intellectual property (IP) can be exposed to many different people and businesses. It is important to protect it from theft and unlicensed usage. At Structure Law Group, our experienced Silicon Valley startup attorneys know how to protect your legal interests in IP at all stages of business formation. Call 408-441-7500 to schedule your consultation with a lawyer.

The Reasons Entrepreneurs Don’t Protect Their Intellectual Property

Forbes recently reported on some of the most common reasons entrepreneurs fail to protect their property:

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In late 2018, CarrierEQ Inc. (Airfox) and Paragon Coin, Inc. were investigated and ordered by the SEC to make refunds available to their investors – in sum, the SEC’s order meant that Airfox may have to refund nearly 15 million dollars while Paragon would have to potentially refund 12 million dollars. These SEC reports highlight the importance of hiring an experienced blockchain attorney in this emerging field of law. From drafting your Articles of Organization to structuring your initial coin offering (ICO) or security token offering (STO), protecting the cryptocurrency of your clients with an experienced Silicon Valley blockchain attorney at Structure Law Group, LLP is essential.

Understanding Security Token Offerings (STO) & Blockchain Technology 

Unlike well-known digital currencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum, STO’s are security token offerings that allow companies to sell digital tokens to accredited investors prior to the digital tokens having any technical functionality.  This means STOs are often governed by federal security laws and must be registered with the SEC or find a proper exemption from registration. STOs are designed to function as traditional securities but are offered, sometimes in fractions, through blockchain transactions. Blockchain technology offers many benefits, including:

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